Relation types

The map doesn’t just show concepts, it also traces the relationships between them. These relation types help to clarify how ideas have been connected through our conversations. They are not meant to be authoritative or final, but reflect how we, as a group of researchers, have made sense of the terrain together.

Like any chart, this map reflects choices we made, such as which relation types to include and when to merge similar ones for clarity. Each relation is given a definition, a brief example, and whether it is bi-directional (i.e., whether the relation holds in both directions). Please read each relation type’s definition carefully, as we have listed synonyms. For example, produces also includes give rise to and causes; part of includes constitutes and subset of; and distinct from includes separate in function or meaning.

This space is open-ended: relation types can be added or revised as the map evolves. We welcome your suggestions for additional relation types as the conversation continues.

Relations*	Definitions	Examples
Counteracts	Acts to neutralize or reduce the effect of something, constrains, undermines, prevents.	---
Coextensive with*	Ranging over the same phenomena, yet highlighting different aspects.	"...the medical field’s insistence on procedures which heavily rely on arduous legal, medical, or academic terminologies exclude patients, or force them to adopt an epistemically marginal role in decision making during consultations (Kidd & Carel 2014, 520).Thus, some of the experiences of patients are coextensive with testimonial and hermeneutical injustices" (Goldstein 2022, 1871).
Depends on	Requires the presence or condition of something else, derives from, is a corollary of.	---
Distinct from/not*	Not the same as; different or separate in nature, form, function or meaning; irreducible to.	"While the lenses provided above treat epistemic injustice as inextricable from social and political forms of oppression, Dotson utilizes a degree of change lens to argue that there are distinct forms of epistemic oppression that are not reducible to social and political factors, but rather derive from epistemic systems themselves" (Pohlhaus, in Varieties of Epistemic Injustice, 19).
Equivalent to*	Has the same value, meaning, or function.	---
Part of	Makes up or forms specific elements or parts; constitutes a component or subset of a whole.	---
Produces	Brings something into existence, gives rise to, or causes something to happen.	"Identity prejudice is never justified and ought not to inform whether non-dominant groups are included in knowledge exchanges. For this reason, identity prejudice gives rise to both testimonial injustice and hermeneutical injustice" (Goldstein 2022, 1864).
Ranges over	Applies to or spans across a set of values or elements.	"The concept of hermeneutical injustice ranges over structural conceptual gaps that can prevent a speaker from communicating knowledge" (Alcalay 2024, 115)
Similar to*	Shares characteristics or qualities with something else; matches or aligns in form, function or meaning; can be expressed in terms of.	---
Type of	Belongs to a broader category or class	---

*Indicates symmetrical relationship between nodes.